Maemo Wiki Mirror - User contributions [en]

Extras

2011-04-03T12:56:37Z

74.54.185.83: /* Extras-testing */

'''Extras''' is the primary [[repository]] for [[Maemo]] [[Software|applications]] where most community software can be found. You can browse the applications available in Extras at [http://maemo.org/downloads Maemo Downloads].

== Using Extras ==
The Extras repository is pre-configured on the [[Nokia N900|N900]] and listed as '''maemo.org''' and is [[Maemo_5/PR1.1#Application_Manager|enabled by default in PR1.1]].
=== To enable Extras repository for pre-PR1.1, just open [https://garage.maemo.org/extras-assistant/install/extras.install this link] on your tablet. ===

Or you can enable it by hand:

Go into the Application manager.
Tap the menu -> Tools -> Application catalog...
Double-tap maemo Extras.
Uncheck Disabled.

If you don't have maemo Extras among your catalogs, you can manually add it. The configuration below is for N900 up to firmware PR 1.1.1:

Application manager --> Application catalogs --> New
Catalog name: maemo.org
Web address: http://repository.maemo.org/extras/
Distribution: fremantle
Components: free non-free

The configuration below is for N900 for firmware [[Maemo 5/PR1.2|PR 1.2]]:

Application manager --> Application catalogs --> New
Catalog name: maemo.org
Web address: http://repository.maemo.org/extras/
Distribution: fremantle-1.2
Components: free non-free

The configuration below is for N900 for firmware [[Maemo 5/PR1.3|PR 1.3]]:

Application manager --> Application catalogs --> New
Catalog name: maemo.org
Web address: http://repository.maemo.org/extras/
Distribution: fremantle-1.3
Components: free non-free

=== Diablo ===

# Open <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> with a text editor
# Append the following line to that file: <pre>deb http://repository.maemo.org/extras/ diablo free non-free</pre>
# Update your APT cache with: <pre>apt-get update</pre>

== About Extras ==
Extras is split into two areas:
* '''free''' applications are open source have been through the Maemo [[Extras repository process definition| Extras vetting process]]
* '''non-free''' applications are usually closed, binary only and their quality and security must be taken on trust

Anyone interested in contributing to Extras should look at the [[Extras repository process definition]].

Developers should also consult [[Packaging#Packaging_policy|the extras policy]] for information on handling interactions with other distributions.

== Extras-testing ==
'''The software hosted in extras-testing might not be ready for end users!''' Please don't play with it unless you really know what you are doing. See [http://talk.maemo.org/showpost.php?p=431432&postcount=5 this post] for a more user-specific discussion of the risks. There is also some tips at [[Installing unstable applications]] -article.

Extras-testing is a repository that holds applications waiting to be tested (that is, those that the maintainer believes are ready for public release). It is a place where power users can download the latest developer releases, test them out and evaluate them. User backups and predisposition to [[Documentation/Maemo 5 Developer Guide/Development Environment/Maemo Flasher-3.5|re-flash]] your device in case of trouble is assumed. All apps must go through [[Extras-testing]] and receive a minimum number of tester approval votes before they can be promoted to Extras.

* [[Extras-testing| More information about Extras-testing]]
* [http://maemo.org/packages/repository/qa/fremantle_extras-testing/ List of user apps in testing]
* [http://www.designerevaluation.com/logo-design/ logo design]
* [http://www.designerevaluation.com/ website design]

== Extras-devel ==
'''The software hosted in extras-devel is most likely not ready for end users!''' PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE don't play with it unless you really know what you are doing.

Developers upload the newest version of their software to [[Extras-devel]]. From there the packages go through an automatic and human Quality Assurance process. This is a repository for developers and regular contributors of specific software projects. If you want to play with extras-devel software you need to be prepared to feel some pain sooner or later.

In theory, packages can be mass downgraded from extras-devel to extras but the exact procedure is TBD.

[[Extras-devel|More information about Extras-devel]]

[[Category:Power users]]
[[Category:N900]]

Root access

2011-04-03T12:56:23Z

74.54.185.83: /* rootsh */

{{danger}}

Having [[:wikipedia:Superuser|root]] access is an important step for users interested in modifying things "under the covers" of their tablets; without it, you won't have the necessary permissions to make those modifications. Root access is disabled by default on new tablets. Thankfully, the steps to enable root access are simple.

== Why do I want root? ==

Root access is ''not'' required to install additional applications through Application Manager, open X Terminal or use your tablet in day-to-day operation.

If you want to edit the underlying system configuration, install applications ''through the command line'' or other low-level tasks, you ''will'' require root access.

== rootsh ==
''Note: As rootsh is the simplest option, and does not require a desktop computer or running additional services, it is the recommended method for gaining root access.''

<code>rootsh</code> is available in [[Extras]], and can be installed from the Application manager if you have the Extras repository enabled. It is also available [http://maemo.org/downloads/product/Maemo5/rootsh/ directly from maemo.org].

Then, from the [[terminal|shell]], run:
sudo gainroot
(or <code>root</code> for short). This will give you a root shell.
* [http://www.seoprofessionalsonline.com professional seo]
* [http://www.seoprofessionalsonline.com/website-optimizer.asp website optimizer]

== sudser ==
''Note: Some scripts require rootsh to run properly, so it's recommended to have both suders and rootsh installed if you're using sudser.''

sudser adds the user to sudoers so you can use the <code>sudo</code> command to run commands as root. It is available in Extras, and can be installed from the Application manager if you have Extras enabled.

It is not currently available for [[Open development/Maemo roadmap/Fremantle|Fremantle]] (i.e. [[Nokia N900|N900]]).

Then, from the shell, run <code>sudo ''command''</code>. This will execute <code>''command''</code> with root privileges.

== OpenSSH ==

# Enable Extras (if it is disabled)
# Install OpenSSH (client and server)
#* This will prompt you to change the root password from the default, <code>rootme</code>
# SSH into your tablet as root
#* For local access, run <code>ssh root@localhost</code>
#* For remote access, run <code>ssh root@''tablet's ip address''</code>
# Use the root password entered at step (2) to log in

To debug issues with SSH connections, use the SSH '-v' option.

(To get SSH X forwarding ('-X' option) to work, you need to install ''xauth'' (or ''xbase-clients'') package and enable X forwarding in the SSH server configuration file on the machine where you're connecting to.)

== Research & Development Mode (R&D or RD Mode) ==

{{ambox|text=As R&D mode has other side effects beyond simply enabling root access (including several that may negatively impact battery life), it is ''not'' the recommended method for gaining root access. Use [[#rootsh|rootsh]] instead.}}

{{main|R&D mode}}

You can enable the R&D mode which enables you to execute <code>sudo gainroot</code> to get a root shell, simply follow the setup steps for flashing covered in [[Updating the firmware|updating the tablet firmware]], then execute

sudo ./flasher-3.5 --enable-rd-mode -R

You are now in R&D mode, and the sudo gainroot script's check will be satisfied.

== A note on sudo ==
This information is aimed at people who come to maemo from other linux distributions (Debian for example) that may have used sudo in a different way.

In fremantle (Maemo 5) sudo is a key part of the system. It is used by system processes that are started as the user to provide access (as root) when needed.

Examples of this are:
Media Tracker.
The firmware version on the 'Settings' > 'About Product' page.

Both of these will malfunction if there are problems with sudo.

Sudo relies on <code>/etc/sudoers</code>, a configuration file that details who can run what commands. <code>/etc/sudoers</code> is traditionally modified by using the 'visudo' command. DO NOT DO THIS ON MAEMO. In maemo sudoers is regenerated periodically from config snippets in <code>/etc/sudoers.d/</code>, using <code>visudo</code> can cause the slow death of your system as your edit gets pushed further down /etc/sudoers.

For those who don't know, <code>/etc/sudoers</code> works on a last match principle, so if your edit conflicts with entries above it, it will break those entries.

The 'correct' way to do this would be to put your entry in a file in <code>/etc/sudoers.d/</code>. I leave the detail of this up the experience of the end-user. Just be advised that using <code>visudo</code> runs the risk of subtly breaking your system.

[[Category:Wiki page of the day]]
[[Category:Power users]]

Root access

2011-04-03T12:55:41Z

74.54.185.83: /* rootsh */

{{danger}}

Having [[:wikipedia:Superuser|root]] access is an important step for users interested in modifying things "under the covers" of their tablets; without it, you won't have the necessary permissions to make those modifications. Root access is disabled by default on new tablets. Thankfully, the steps to enable root access are simple.

== Why do I want root? ==

Root access is ''not'' required to install additional applications through Application Manager, open X Terminal or use your tablet in day-to-day operation.

If you want to edit the underlying system configuration, install applications ''through the command line'' or other low-level tasks, you ''will'' require root access.

== rootsh ==
''Note: As rootsh is the simplest option, and does not require a desktop computer or running additional services, it is the recommended method for gaining root access.''

<code>rootsh</code> is available in [[Extras]], and can be installed from the Application manager if you have the Extras repository enabled. It is also available [http://maemo.org/downloads/product/Maemo5/rootsh/ directly from maemo.org].

Then, from the [[terminal|shell]], run:
sudo gainroot
(or <code>root</code> for short). This will give you a root shell.
* [http://www.seoprofessionalsonline.com professional seo]
* [http://www.seoprofessionalsonline.com/website-optimizer.asp website optimizer]
* [http://www.realsofttech.com/ web design service]

== sudser ==
''Note: Some scripts require rootsh to run properly, so it's recommended to have both suders and rootsh installed if you're using sudser.''

sudser adds the user to sudoers so you can use the <code>sudo</code> command to run commands as root. It is available in Extras, and can be installed from the Application manager if you have Extras enabled.

It is not currently available for [[Open development/Maemo roadmap/Fremantle|Fremantle]] (i.e. [[Nokia N900|N900]]).

Then, from the shell, run <code>sudo ''command''</code>. This will execute <code>''command''</code> with root privileges.

== OpenSSH ==

# Enable Extras (if it is disabled)
# Install OpenSSH (client and server)
#* This will prompt you to change the root password from the default, <code>rootme</code>
# SSH into your tablet as root
#* For local access, run <code>ssh root@localhost</code>
#* For remote access, run <code>ssh root@''tablet's ip address''</code>
# Use the root password entered at step (2) to log in

To debug issues with SSH connections, use the SSH '-v' option.

(To get SSH X forwarding ('-X' option) to work, you need to install ''xauth'' (or ''xbase-clients'') package and enable X forwarding in the SSH server configuration file on the machine where you're connecting to.)

== Research & Development Mode (R&D or RD Mode) ==

{{ambox|text=As R&D mode has other side effects beyond simply enabling root access (including several that may negatively impact battery life), it is ''not'' the recommended method for gaining root access. Use [[#rootsh|rootsh]] instead.}}

{{main|R&D mode}}

You can enable the R&D mode which enables you to execute <code>sudo gainroot</code> to get a root shell, simply follow the setup steps for flashing covered in [[Updating the firmware|updating the tablet firmware]], then execute

sudo ./flasher-3.5 --enable-rd-mode -R

You are now in R&D mode, and the sudo gainroot script's check will be satisfied.

== A note on sudo ==
This information is aimed at people who come to maemo from other linux distributions (Debian for example) that may have used sudo in a different way.

In fremantle (Maemo 5) sudo is a key part of the system. It is used by system processes that are started as the user to provide access (as root) when needed.

Examples of this are:
Media Tracker.
The firmware version on the 'Settings' > 'About Product' page.

Both of these will malfunction if there are problems with sudo.

Sudo relies on <code>/etc/sudoers</code>, a configuration file that details who can run what commands. <code>/etc/sudoers</code> is traditionally modified by using the 'visudo' command. DO NOT DO THIS ON MAEMO. In maemo sudoers is regenerated periodically from config snippets in <code>/etc/sudoers.d/</code>, using <code>visudo</code> can cause the slow death of your system as your edit gets pushed further down /etc/sudoers.

For those who don't know, <code>/etc/sudoers</code> works on a last match principle, so if your edit conflicts with entries above it, it will break those entries.

The 'correct' way to do this would be to put your entry in a file in <code>/etc/sudoers.d/</code>. I leave the detail of this up the experience of the end-user. Just be advised that using <code>visudo</code> runs the risk of subtly breaking your system.

[[Category:Wiki page of the day]]
[[Category:Power users]]